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Professor Pedantic 教授的考究學問
【學術專欄】
TPS的編輯教授在此歡迎關於學術文章的所有詢問，當然，其實他並沒有足夠的時間給你。他擁有終身教職的教授身份，也是著名的學術巨作作者。即便如此，他仍大方地接受你們的詢問。將關於學術方面的詢問寫在下方，你將獲得教授的親自指導，陶冶對學術的探索與啟發。
The professor awaits your query on academic writing, though in all honesty, he doesn’t have a lot of time for you. He is a tenured full professor and working on yet another magnificent academic tome. Even so, he has graciously consented to entertain your question. Submit it and prepare to be edified.
QUESTION: I have been given so many warnings about plagiarism that I am afraid to write down anything for fear I have unconsciously stolen it from someone. Am I being paranoid?
我曾經被許多人告誡要避免抄襲，所以我對於寫下任何不經意從別人那邊抄來的資訊感到恐懼。我是否太神經質了?
Not knowing you well enough to venture an opinion about your psychological state, I’ll have to assume you are not psychotic. I have known students who aren’t. I also have known students whose ideas about stealing ideas and words would land them in prison were their ideas applied to cars and iPods. Theft is no less reprehensible when what is being stolen is intellectual property or academic reputation.
我不瞭解你，所以我不敢對於你的精神狀態妄下斷語，我只能姑且將你視為不是神經質作祟。至少我知道有很多學生他們就不是。不論資訊是應用在汽車方面或是流行的iPod方面，學生們大多認為凡抄襲他人想法與資訊，都將令他們陷入牢獄之災。智慧財產權與學術聲譽方面的抄襲作為，尤其將遭受各界莫大的譴責。
Therefore, you are entirely correct to be nervous while gathering information from sources for submission under your name. If you carelessly cite a source or inadvertently copy a sentence in toto without adequate attribution, you run the risk of being accused of plagiarism. So … don’t be careless and inadvertent. Cite when citing. Quote when quoting. Paraphrase—that is, actually use your own words—when paraphrasing. In short, unless a fact or expression is in common usage, give full credit to the source of it.
因此，若你想要將蒐集的資訊，歸類於你的研究成果之中，這樣的行為你的確應該要嚴謹以待。假如你在引述某個來源或是不慎完全引據某句話而沒有標示清楚出處，你將陷入被指責抄襲的危險當中。所以，不要粗心或是輕忽引用的重要性。當引用他人研究時，應將出處引據出來；當引用名人佳話時，應將來源標明清楚。所謂的「釋義」，應該要用自己的話來解釋。換句話說，除非是眾所皆知的事實或是行為表現，否則，我們應尊重引述來源的作者及其貢獻。
This all should be done from respect, not fear. Original thinking and research add to the body of knowledge and should be accorded honor, and sometimes honor is about all that accrues to an original thinker. Rather than steal, here’s a suggestion: Become an original thinker yourself. Try to explore unexplored research territory. Try to reach an original conclusion, or to express a finding in an original way. The more you rely upon your own thinking, the less you have to worry about cribbing the thoughts of others.
話說至此，我們應該給予的是尊重，而非恐懼。原創性的思想與研究能促使知識的深入探索，更是值得驕傲的表現，而這樣的榮譽表現，來自於原創思想家的智慧結晶。想要避免抄襲，我有一個建議：讓自己成為一位原創思想家。試著探索未開拓的研究領域，試著自己定義出原創的理論或是以原創的方式證明你的發現。在研究的過程中，當你能多用心聽自己的聲音，找到屬於自己的思路與想法，就不必擔心是否抄襲別人的這個問題了。加油!
The professor awaits your query on academic writing, though in all honesty, he doesn’t have a lot of time for you. He is a tenured full professor and working on yet another magnificent academic tome. Even so, he has graciously consented to entertain your question. Submit it and prepare to be edified.
QUESTION: I have been given so many warnings about plagiarism that I am afraid to write down anything for fear I have unconsciously stolen it from someone. Am I being paranoid?
我曾經被許多人告誡要避免抄襲，所以我對於寫下任何不經意從別人那邊抄來的資訊感到恐懼。我是否太神經質了?
Not knowing you well enough to venture an opinion about your psychological state, I’ll have to assume you are not psychotic. I have known students who aren’t. I also have known students whose ideas about stealing ideas and words would land them in prison were their ideas applied to cars and iPods. Theft is no less reprehensible when what is being stolen is intellectual property or academic reputation.
我不瞭解你，所以我不敢對於你的精神狀態妄下斷語，我只能姑且將你視為不是神經質作祟。至少我知道有很多學生他們就不是。不論資訊是應用在汽車方面或是流行的iPod方面，學生們大多認為凡抄襲他人想法與資訊，都將令他們陷入牢獄之災。智慧財產權與學術聲譽方面的抄襲作為，尤其將遭受各界莫大的譴責。
Therefore, you are entirely correct to be nervous while gathering information from sources for submission under your name. If you carelessly cite a source or inadvertently copy a sentence in toto without adequate attribution, you run the risk of being accused of plagiarism. So … don’t be careless and inadvertent. Cite when citing. Quote when quoting. Paraphrase—that is, actually use your own words—when paraphrasing. In short, unless a fact or expression is in common usage, give full credit to the source of it.
因此，若你想要將蒐集的資訊，歸類於你的研究成果之中，這樣的行為你的確應該要嚴謹以待。假如你在引述某個來源或是不慎完全引據某句話而沒有標示清楚出處，你將陷入被指責抄襲的危險當中。所以，不要粗心或是輕忽引用的重要性。當引用他人研究時，應將出處引據出來；當引用名人佳話時，應將來源標明清楚。所謂的「釋義」，應該要用自己的話來解釋。換句話說，除非是眾所皆知的事實或是行為表現，否則，我們應尊重引述來源的作者及其貢獻。
This all should be done from respect, not fear. Original thinking and research add to the body of knowledge and should be accorded honor, and sometimes honor is about all that accrues to an original thinker. Rather than steal, here’s a suggestion: Become an original thinker yourself. Try to explore unexplored research territory. Try to reach an original conclusion, or to express a finding in an original way. The more you rely upon your own thinking, the less you have to worry about cribbing the thoughts of others.
話說至此，我們應該給予的是尊重，而非恐懼。原創性的思想與研究能促使知識的深入探索，更是值得驕傲的表現，而這樣的榮譽表現，來自於原創思想家的智慧結晶。想要避免抄襲，我有一個建議：讓自己成為一位原創思想家。試著探索未開拓的研究領域，試著自己定義出原創的理論或是以原創的方式證明你的發現。在研究的過程中，當你能多用心聽自己的聲音，找到屬於自己的思路與想法，就不必擔心是否抄襲別人的這個問題了。加油!