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找出獨創表達方式的三大訣竅之二：找到自我
【學術專欄】
每個寫作學術文章的人都是獨特的，他們研究的學科或許相同，但生活經歷、學術背景、個人目標都不一樣，這些獨特之處都應該在文章中表達出來。本專欄探討學者何以該找出個人的表達方式，又該如何進行。每項訣竅都會刊登在 TPS 粉絲頁，最後集結於 TPS 學術電子報。
Academic writers are individuals. Though they may pursue a common curricular discipline, they are different from one another in life experience, academic background, and personal goals. All of this should come through in their writing. This series explores why and how scholars can identify individual voices. The series will be presented on the TPS Fan page before being compiled.
Tip # 2 – In Search of the Genuine
訣竅二：找到自我
Scholars whose work generally is recognized as superior are confident people. They may be humble, but they are not awed by peers or predecessors. They have personal faith in the value of their own contributions to academic learning. In short, they believe in themselves. This self-esteem sustains them in their search for elusive truth or a critical source. It reassures them as they consider an approach to a subject or as they organize their material for coherent presentation. More to the point, it guides them as they express in their own words what they have discovered.
卓越的學者通常都是有自信的人。他們可能為人謙遜，但不會畏懼同儕或前輩，他們相信自己的貢獻對學術知識有價值。簡單來說，他們相信自己。自尊自重讓他們能堅持下去，尋求難以捉摸的真理或重要的資料來源，並讓他們在選擇研究方法，或組織材料、有條有理地表達時，能更有信心。更重要的是，自尊自重引導他們用自己的話說明研究發現。
How do they peel away self-deception and self-doubt and come to value themselves as valuable academic writers? They test themselves and evaluate the tests. To wit, they introduce metaphors in papers and learn which ones work, and which ones detract. They try various word patterns and phrasing and study the results purely through a reader’s eyes. They use jargon in a fresh way to see if it invigorates a sentence or deadens it. In short, through trial and error, they develop a writing style that is individual and effective as an academic instrument. They develop a voice.
他們怎麼避免矇騙或懷疑自己，最後看重自己的學術文章？答案是藉由一再測試，並評估測試結果。也就是說，他們會在論文中使用譬喻，了解哪些譬喻有用，哪些有害。他們嘗試各種遣詞用字與表達，並完全從讀者的角度出發，探討結果是否理想。他們以創新的方法運用術語，看句子是否更有活力，還是變得死氣沉沉。簡言之，他們反覆試驗，發展出個人獨特、有力的寫作風格，作為學術工具──他們發展出自己的表達方式。
Some of this development of an authentic writing voice is accomplished privately. But the ultimate test comes when a paper is submitted to an assigning professor. Besides commenting on topic and treatment, a professor evaluates the writing, and a self-assured writer learns from each evaluation. He may adjust his writing to accommodate criticisms. He will come to see which criticisms are valid and which are subjective and, therefore, less valid. After a few submitted papers, a writer will hit his stride and find his voice, his writing style, and perhaps his vocation.
雖然有些人是靠自己發展出獨特的表達方式，但論文交給教授後，才是最終的測試。教授除了針對主題與處理給予建議，也會對寫作良莠評價。有自信的作者能從每則評價中學習，也許會根據批評調整文章，並評估哪些評價有道理，哪些較主觀而不具參考價值。交過幾篇論文後，作者就能大步前進，找到自己的表達方式、自己的寫作風格、甚至找到自己的志業。
Academic writers are individuals. Though they may pursue a common curricular discipline, they are different from one another in life experience, academic background, and personal goals. All of this should come through in their writing. This series explores why and how scholars can identify individual voices. The series will be presented on the TPS Fan page before being compiled.
Tip # 2 – In Search of the Genuine
訣竅二：找到自我
Scholars whose work generally is recognized as superior are confident people. They may be humble, but they are not awed by peers or predecessors. They have personal faith in the value of their own contributions to academic learning. In short, they believe in themselves. This self-esteem sustains them in their search for elusive truth or a critical source. It reassures them as they consider an approach to a subject or as they organize their material for coherent presentation. More to the point, it guides them as they express in their own words what they have discovered.
卓越的學者通常都是有自信的人。他們可能為人謙遜，但不會畏懼同儕或前輩，他們相信自己的貢獻對學術知識有價值。簡單來說，他們相信自己。自尊自重讓他們能堅持下去，尋求難以捉摸的真理或重要的資料來源，並讓他們在選擇研究方法，或組織材料、有條有理地表達時，能更有信心。更重要的是，自尊自重引導他們用自己的話說明研究發現。
How do they peel away self-deception and self-doubt and come to value themselves as valuable academic writers? They test themselves and evaluate the tests. To wit, they introduce metaphors in papers and learn which ones work, and which ones detract. They try various word patterns and phrasing and study the results purely through a reader’s eyes. They use jargon in a fresh way to see if it invigorates a sentence or deadens it. In short, through trial and error, they develop a writing style that is individual and effective as an academic instrument. They develop a voice.
他們怎麼避免矇騙或懷疑自己，最後看重自己的學術文章？答案是藉由一再測試，並評估測試結果。也就是說，他們會在論文中使用譬喻，了解哪些譬喻有用，哪些有害。他們嘗試各種遣詞用字與表達，並完全從讀者的角度出發，探討結果是否理想。他們以創新的方法運用術語，看句子是否更有活力，還是變得死氣沉沉。簡言之，他們反覆試驗，發展出個人獨特、有力的寫作風格，作為學術工具──他們發展出自己的表達方式。
Some of this development of an authentic writing voice is accomplished privately. But the ultimate test comes when a paper is submitted to an assigning professor. Besides commenting on topic and treatment, a professor evaluates the writing, and a self-assured writer learns from each evaluation. He may adjust his writing to accommodate criticisms. He will come to see which criticisms are valid and which are subjective and, therefore, less valid. After a few submitted papers, a writer will hit his stride and find his voice, his writing style, and perhaps his vocation.
雖然有些人是靠自己發展出獨特的表達方式，但論文交給教授後，才是最終的測試。教授除了針對主題與處理給予建議，也會對寫作良莠評價。有自信的作者能從每則評價中學習，也許會根據批評調整文章，並評估哪些評價有道理，哪些較主觀而不具參考價值。交過幾篇論文後，作者就能大步前進，找到自己的表達方式、自己的寫作風格、甚至找到自己的志業。
