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避免抄襲的七大方法之五：仔細作筆記
【學術專欄】
真正的學者不會竊取他人的想法，不過研究過程中，有時可能無意間侵占了其他研究者的想法或表達方式。本系列「避免抄襲的七大方法」提供訣竅，幫助你避免不小心冒用他人的心血結晶。每則訣竅將刊登在 TPS 專頁。
A true scholar is not a thief. Yet stealing another researcher’s ideas or method of expressing them sometimes happens inadvertently in the course of research. How to avoid accidentally passing off someone else’s work as your own is the subject of this series, “7 Tips for Avoiding Plagiarism.” Each of the tips will be presented on the TPS Fan page before being compiled with the others as a series.
Tip # 5 – Take notes meticulously
方法五：仔細作筆記
There are many reasons to take notes carefully in researching a paper, beginning with the admonition of your professors to do so. They have been around for an academic season or two and have read the drab texts of poorly recorded research. The drabness is from inadequate quotation, incomplete attribution, and quite evident guesswork. When a writer does not create clear notes from clearly identified sources, the paper produced will lack the sheen of scholarship.
寫論文作研究時，有很多理由應該仔細作筆記，首先教授就會告誡你要這麼做。教授在學校待了幾年，早就看過有些研究記錄拙劣，讀起來乏味。這些論文之所以單調乏味，是因為引用不足，未完整註明出處，通篇缺乏真憑實據。作者如果沒有清楚作筆記，說明資料來源，文章就會缺乏學術價值。
Note-taking is not a science, nor an art. It is a process that each academic writer can master by being methodical. What method a writer chooses is up to him. But it should be consistent and clear. Example: If a source is being quoted, always use quotation marks. If it is a paraphrase with a quoted element, always ensure the quote is in quotation marks. The key takeaway in that recommendation is not “quotation marks;” it is “always.” Be consistent. Be methodical.
作筆記無關科學或藝術的理論與技巧，而是一種程序，只要有條有理，每個學術寫作者都能做得很好。作者可以自己選擇作筆記的規則，但必須前後一致，清楚明瞭。舉例來說，如果原文是引言，一定要加引號；如果原文結合換句話說及引言，引言的部分一定要加引號。這些規則的重點不是「加引號」，而是「一定要」；記得，規則要前後一致，有條有理。
Carefully separate source material from personal notes about the material. Otherwise, a writer can unknowingly end up quoting himself. When interviewing someone, record the date and name of the interviewee. When drawing from books, articles, and audio and video recordings, precisely note the point of extraction. In all note-taking, be neat. And whatever else you do, don’t rely on memory. The time between research and writing can wipe memory clean, or mangle it.
作筆記時，要小心分開引用的原文與個人的筆記內容，否則可能不知不覺引用了自己的話。作訪談時，要記錄訪談時間與受訪者的姓名。引用圖書、文章、影音紀錄時，要精確記錄摘錄的頁面或時間。寫任何筆記字跡要工整。此外，不管你做什麼，絕不要仰賴記憶，研究和寫作會相隔一段時間，讓你把事情忘得一乾二淨，儘管記得也是殘缺不全。
A true scholar is not a thief. Yet stealing another researcher’s ideas or method of expressing them sometimes happens inadvertently in the course of research. How to avoid accidentally passing off someone else’s work as your own is the subject of this series, “7 Tips for Avoiding Plagiarism.” Each of the tips will be presented on the TPS Fan page before being compiled with the others as a series.
Tip # 5 – Take notes meticulously
方法五：仔細作筆記
There are many reasons to take notes carefully in researching a paper, beginning with the admonition of your professors to do so. They have been around for an academic season or two and have read the drab texts of poorly recorded research. The drabness is from inadequate quotation, incomplete attribution, and quite evident guesswork. When a writer does not create clear notes from clearly identified sources, the paper produced will lack the sheen of scholarship.
寫論文作研究時，有很多理由應該仔細作筆記，首先教授就會告誡你要這麼做。教授在學校待了幾年，早就看過有些研究記錄拙劣，讀起來乏味。這些論文之所以單調乏味，是因為引用不足，未完整註明出處，通篇缺乏真憑實據。作者如果沒有清楚作筆記，說明資料來源，文章就會缺乏學術價值。
Note-taking is not a science, nor an art. It is a process that each academic writer can master by being methodical. What method a writer chooses is up to him. But it should be consistent and clear. Example: If a source is being quoted, always use quotation marks. If it is a paraphrase with a quoted element, always ensure the quote is in quotation marks. The key takeaway in that recommendation is not “quotation marks;” it is “always.” Be consistent. Be methodical.
作筆記無關科學或藝術的理論與技巧，而是一種程序，只要有條有理，每個學術寫作者都能做得很好。作者可以自己選擇作筆記的規則，但必須前後一致，清楚明瞭。舉例來說，如果原文是引言，一定要加引號；如果原文結合換句話說及引言，引言的部分一定要加引號。這些規則的重點不是「加引號」，而是「一定要」；記得，規則要前後一致，有條有理。
Carefully separate source material from personal notes about the material. Otherwise, a writer can unknowingly end up quoting himself. When interviewing someone, record the date and name of the interviewee. When drawing from books, articles, and audio and video recordings, precisely note the point of extraction. In all note-taking, be neat. And whatever else you do, don’t rely on memory. The time between research and writing can wipe memory clean, or mangle it.
作筆記時，要小心分開引用的原文與個人的筆記內容，否則可能不知不覺引用了自己的話。作訪談時，要記錄訪談時間與受訪者的姓名。引用圖書、文章、影音紀錄時，要精確記錄摘錄的頁面或時間。寫任何筆記字跡要工整。此外，不管你做什麼，絕不要仰賴記憶，研究和寫作會相隔一段時間，讓你把事情忘得一乾二淨，儘管記得也是殘缺不全。