:::
避免抄襲的七大方法之四：「引用」與「換句話說」
【學術專欄】
真正的學者不會竊取他人的想法，不過研究過程中，有時可能無意間侵占了其他研究者的想法或表達方式。本系列「避免抄襲的七大方法」提供訣竅，幫助你避免不小心冒用他人的心血結晶。每則訣竅將刊登在 TPS 專頁。
A true scholar is not a thief. Yet stealing another researcher’s ideas or method of expressing them sometimes happens inadvertently in the course of research. How to avoid accidentally passing off someone else’s work as your own is the subject of this series, “7 Tips for Avoiding Plagiarism.” Each of the tips will be presented on the TPS Fan page before being compiled with the others as a series.
Tip # 4 – Quote, paraphrase, or don’t use
方法四：「引用」與「換句話說」
What are quotations and paraphrases and why do writers employ them? The question is a good one. Some writers clearly haven’t figured it out. A person is quoted or paraphrased because the person speaking is a relevant, authoritative voice. A quote is used because it is weighty or memorable. Paraphrasing occurs either as a succinct summary of something relevant, or because the paraphrase contains a key word or phrase, which is bracketed in quote marks for emphasis.
什麼是引用，什麼又是換句話說？為什麼寫作時要引用或換句話說？好問題，有些寫作的人也還沒弄清楚答案。引用某人的話，或換句話說，是因為那個人有地位、有權威；引用一句話，是因為那句話言之有理、過目難忘。換句話說則是簡要介紹相關的重要論述，其中也可以包含關鍵的詞句，並以引號括起、標明。
Always clearly attribute paraphrased or quoted material to its author, such as, “According to city historian Lee Chen,…” Attribution should be near the borrowed material to avoid confusion. Quotations should be exact and in proper context, whereas paraphrases obviously should not be word for word, but must be accurate in thrust and tone. And beware of writing sentences that duplicate a source’s original structure; it is possible to plagiarize the construction of content.
引用他人文句或換句話說時，一定要明確寫出原作者，例如：「城市史學家陳大年(並非特定人物名，暫稱)說，…」。作者的名字和引用的段落不能相隔太遠，以免混淆。引用必須一字不差，語境必須適切，而換句話說自然不能逐字抄襲，但主旨、語調必須一致。此外，句型也要小心不能和原文句型一模一樣，否則就是抄襲原文結構。
You say, if quoting a source is fraught with so many dangers, why should I do it? You shouldn’t, unless a paper will be weaker without attributed material. But it also is true that a paper will be weak if it contains too much borrowed material, even when attributed, so use only as much as necessary to document a point. Research uncovers worthy ideas and statements. Using them to buttress an argument in a paper is perfectly justified—so long as you don’t try to steal them.
你可能覺得奇怪，既然引用文章要這樣如履薄冰，為什麼還要引用呢？說得沒錯，除非缺乏引證，論文會顯得薄弱，否則就不需引用。不過，如果論文借用太多他人的文句，即使註明是引用，也會顯得薄弱。因此，引用必須恰到好處，足以支持論點即可。研究的目的是發掘有價值的觀點與理念，可以引經據典，支持論述，但可別不告而取。
A true scholar is not a thief. Yet stealing another researcher’s ideas or method of expressing them sometimes happens inadvertently in the course of research. How to avoid accidentally passing off someone else’s work as your own is the subject of this series, “7 Tips for Avoiding Plagiarism.” Each of the tips will be presented on the TPS Fan page before being compiled with the others as a series.
Tip # 4 – Quote, paraphrase, or don’t use
方法四：「引用」與「換句話說」
What are quotations and paraphrases and why do writers employ them? The question is a good one. Some writers clearly haven’t figured it out. A person is quoted or paraphrased because the person speaking is a relevant, authoritative voice. A quote is used because it is weighty or memorable. Paraphrasing occurs either as a succinct summary of something relevant, or because the paraphrase contains a key word or phrase, which is bracketed in quote marks for emphasis.
什麼是引用，什麼又是換句話說？為什麼寫作時要引用或換句話說？好問題，有些寫作的人也還沒弄清楚答案。引用某人的話，或換句話說，是因為那個人有地位、有權威；引用一句話，是因為那句話言之有理、過目難忘。換句話說則是簡要介紹相關的重要論述，其中也可以包含關鍵的詞句，並以引號括起、標明。
Always clearly attribute paraphrased or quoted material to its author, such as, “According to city historian Lee Chen,…” Attribution should be near the borrowed material to avoid confusion. Quotations should be exact and in proper context, whereas paraphrases obviously should not be word for word, but must be accurate in thrust and tone. And beware of writing sentences that duplicate a source’s original structure; it is possible to plagiarize the construction of content.
引用他人文句或換句話說時，一定要明確寫出原作者，例如：「城市史學家陳大年(並非特定人物名，暫稱)說，…」。作者的名字和引用的段落不能相隔太遠，以免混淆。引用必須一字不差，語境必須適切，而換句話說自然不能逐字抄襲，但主旨、語調必須一致。此外，句型也要小心不能和原文句型一模一樣，否則就是抄襲原文結構。
You say, if quoting a source is fraught with so many dangers, why should I do it? You shouldn’t, unless a paper will be weaker without attributed material. But it also is true that a paper will be weak if it contains too much borrowed material, even when attributed, so use only as much as necessary to document a point. Research uncovers worthy ideas and statements. Using them to buttress an argument in a paper is perfectly justified—so long as you don’t try to steal them.
你可能覺得奇怪，既然引用文章要這樣如履薄冰，為什麼還要引用呢？說得沒錯，除非缺乏引證，論文會顯得薄弱，否則就不需引用。不過，如果論文借用太多他人的文句，即使註明是引用，也會顯得薄弱。因此，引用必須恰到好處，足以支持論點即可。研究的目的是發掘有價值的觀點與理念，可以引經據典，支持論述，但可別不告而取。
