:::
按部就班寫作論文的七大建議之五：防範未然，臨事不亂
【學術專欄】
A writer peering ahead at an academic writing project should respect the task. It not only will require research and writing abilities, it will tax the writer’s endurance and concentration. Learning to become efficient and self-regulating as a researcher and writer is the reason for this series, “7 Ways to Pace Yourself through a Paper.” Each of the suggestions will be presented on the TPS Fan page before being compiled.
若您即將致力於學術寫作專題，應該好好重視這項工作。這不僅需要研究與寫作技巧，也仰賴毅力與專注。「按部就班寫作論文的七大步驟」將教您學會如何自律，提高研究與寫作的效率。每項建議都會刊登在 TPS 粉絲專頁，並在最後集結於 TPS 學術電子報中。
Way # 5 – Anticipate: Learn to avoid surprises
建議五：防範未然，臨事不亂
It is said the best laid plans of mice and men come to naught when the unexpected circumstance intrudes. The moral is, all the careful planning in the world will not guarantee that a writing project will come together without incident. That’s what makes life interesting! Even so, there is no joy in running into an obstacle with a paper’s deadline looming. The best way to avoid such crises is to anticipate them and to build into your schedule time to respond to them.
曾有人說，人鼠之間擬定的計畫再如何周詳，意外攪局時，仍將化為泡影。 其中教訓是，世事難料，儘管仔細規劃，寫論文難保不會有意外。人生因此而精采，但論文截止在即，遇到這種麻煩可就不精彩了。要預防這類問題，最好的方法就是事先防範，安排時間以備處理問題。
Example: When compiling a list of sources and citations, look at each one’s potential for rejection. Sometimes a cited source is deemed to be irrelevant to subject matter, perhaps because his authority and credentials have been superseded by more recent research. Or a citation from a document might be discounted because the document lacks academic standing. Be critical of source material so that your professor can’t shock you late in the day by rejecting parts of it.
舉例來說，整理資料來源和引用文獻清單時，應該檢查每一項資料是否可能遭到否決。有時一項資料的威信與可靠度可能遭到最近的研究推翻，因此不再適合引用；或者引用的來源文章學術價值不高，而使效果打折扣。整理引用文獻時要仔細檢查，以免教授事到臨頭不贊同某些引用，讓你手足無措。
Also, be an editor as well as a writer. Not only examine your paper for grammar and similar writing issues, examine it for content. Ask yourself tough questions: Is this section weak because I have tried to stretch research material too far? Does the conclusion really work, reflecting the introduction and accurately summarizing the body of the paper? Is that illustration effective or just pretty? If you are tough on yourself along the way, a professor can’t surprise you at the end.
此外，除了寫論文，也要從編輯的角度觀察論文，除了檢查文法一類的寫作問題，也應該注意文章內容。嚴格自問：這一段是否因為推論過度而使說服力薄弱？結論是否與引言首尾呼應，確實總結全文？舉證是否有助理解，或僅為妝點之用？如果寫論文時從頭至尾嚴以律己，就不必擔心最後有什麼事會出乎意料了。
若您即將致力於學術寫作專題，應該好好重視這項工作。這不僅需要研究與寫作技巧，也仰賴毅力與專注。「按部就班寫作論文的七大步驟」將教您學會如何自律，提高研究與寫作的效率。每項建議都會刊登在 TPS 粉絲專頁，並在最後集結於 TPS 學術電子報中。
Way # 5 – Anticipate: Learn to avoid surprises
建議五：防範未然，臨事不亂
It is said the best laid plans of mice and men come to naught when the unexpected circumstance intrudes. The moral is, all the careful planning in the world will not guarantee that a writing project will come together without incident. That’s what makes life interesting! Even so, there is no joy in running into an obstacle with a paper’s deadline looming. The best way to avoid such crises is to anticipate them and to build into your schedule time to respond to them.
曾有人說，人鼠之間擬定的計畫再如何周詳，意外攪局時，仍將化為泡影。 其中教訓是，世事難料，儘管仔細規劃，寫論文難保不會有意外。人生因此而精采，但論文截止在即，遇到這種麻煩可就不精彩了。要預防這類問題，最好的方法就是事先防範，安排時間以備處理問題。
Example: When compiling a list of sources and citations, look at each one’s potential for rejection. Sometimes a cited source is deemed to be irrelevant to subject matter, perhaps because his authority and credentials have been superseded by more recent research. Or a citation from a document might be discounted because the document lacks academic standing. Be critical of source material so that your professor can’t shock you late in the day by rejecting parts of it.
舉例來說，整理資料來源和引用文獻清單時，應該檢查每一項資料是否可能遭到否決。有時一項資料的威信與可靠度可能遭到最近的研究推翻，因此不再適合引用；或者引用的來源文章學術價值不高，而使效果打折扣。整理引用文獻時要仔細檢查，以免教授事到臨頭不贊同某些引用，讓你手足無措。
Also, be an editor as well as a writer. Not only examine your paper for grammar and similar writing issues, examine it for content. Ask yourself tough questions: Is this section weak because I have tried to stretch research material too far? Does the conclusion really work, reflecting the introduction and accurately summarizing the body of the paper? Is that illustration effective or just pretty? If you are tough on yourself along the way, a professor can’t surprise you at the end.
此外，除了寫論文，也要從編輯的角度觀察論文，除了檢查文法一類的寫作問題，也應該注意文章內容。嚴格自問：這一段是否因為推論過度而使說服力薄弱？結論是否與引言首尾呼應，確實總結全文？舉證是否有助理解，或僅為妝點之用？如果寫論文時從頭至尾嚴以律己，就不必擔心最後有什麼事會出乎意料了。
