0328 TPS One Word Away From Confusion Contest-Win Your NTD200 7-11/Starbucks Prize! 你能找出混淆字嗎? 有機會獲得200元統一超商/星巴克咖啡禮券!

2011-03-28
撰寫學術文章時,每字每句都需要謹慎著墨。改變幾個字就會使完整的一句話變得令人摸不著頭緒。下列的句子中,為使這句話能完整且有意義的表達,請選出你認為會令人感到困惑的字,我們將提供統一超商/星巴克咖啡NTD200元禮券,給予挑出混淆字,並寫出最佳替代字的第1位粉絲,最適的解答與獲獎的粉絲姓名,將於明天公佈於本TPS的專頁。請將你的答案寫在下方,獲得免費購物禮券的幸運兒可能就是你哦!
Every word is important in a well-written academic paper. Changing just a word or two can turn a clear sentence into a confusing one. Tell us what word you would change in the following puzzling sentence to render it more meaningful. The first best answer will receive a NTD200 7-11/Starbucks Gift Certificate.

題目Contest Sentence:

“Successful classrooms are so versatile that it is difficult for researchers to distinguish crucial factors separating learning students from failing ones.”

Last Update at 2011-04-28 PM 2:53 | 0 Comments

What does that mean? 你真的瞭解這個慣用語嗎?

2011-03-24
很多字詞並非表面所見的意思,字詞的組合會產生不同的解釋。這樣的慣用法,我們稱之為「比喻」。一個成功的比喻,作者本身必須相當瞭解字詞的源起。以下的句子為讀者介紹一個比喻及其來源。
Imagery buries itself in language and takes on new meaning. The transplanted and transformed sets of words are called “figures of speech.” For a figure of speech to be effective, however, a writer must first understand the original meaning of the phrase. The following sentence contains a common figure of speech. Its original meaning is explained.

“Southern Song Dynasty General Yue Fei was a tiger of unusual stripe, as fiercely egalitarian to his men as he was dictatorial to his children.”
「南宋大將岳飛就像是非凡的猛虎,對部下力求同甘共苦,對子女則嚴厲管教。」


“A tiger of unusual stripe” refers to the variety of coloration and pattern in the coat of a tiger. The standard configuration is black stripes running around the orange trunk of the body. The stripes also can be brown or gray. However, Malaysian natives report seeing a tiger with stripes running the length of the body.
「A tiger of unusual stripe」意指老虎外皮斑斕的色彩與花樣。一般的虎皮都是在橘黃色的軀幹上佈有黑色條紋,有時也有褐色或灰色,但馬來西亞原著民中曾見到老虎條紋遍布全身的記錄。


As used in a paper about a dynastic Chinese military leader, the metaphor denotes a human characteristic that apparently set him apart from his peers: His charity was more evident at work—on the military campaign trail—than at home. Using a uniquely striped tiger to metaphorically illustrate Fei’s individualism is doubly effective; the virtues traditionally associated with tigers, including ferociousness and courage, also are associated with generals.
在這篇有關中國古代名將的文章中,老虎的比喻暗示岳飛有著超凡出群的品格。他在軍中相當愛護下屬—尤其是在征途中—在家則較為嚴厲。用非凡的猛虎形容岳飛的出眾格外有力,因為傳統上,兇猛與勇敢這類與猛虎的特徵聯想在一起的特質,用來形容軍中將領是最適合不過了。

Last Update at 2011-04-28 PM 2:53 | 0 Comments

0321 TPS Spot the Error Contest-Answer and Explanation 你是挑錯的高手嗎? 正確解答

2011-03-22
Answer: “alot” should be “many.”

“The African-American literary peers of the 1930s writer Zora Neale Hurston criticized many of her stories for not being polemical enough.”


Error: The writer has fallen victim to popular usage in combining “a” and “lot” to form the nonword, “alot.” While just substituting "a lot" for the nonword is a good choice, a better choice is to substitute “many.” Why? Because "many" is one word, not two. Furthermore, the opposite of "a lot" is "a little." The phrases are so overused in familiar conversation that neither one adds anything fresh to a conversation, let alone to an academic paper.
作者犯了一個常見的錯誤,那就是將a和lot放在一起,成了一個未經正式確認的口語字詞alot。儘管我們可以將這個錯字更正成a lot,但更好的選擇是用many,原因是因為many是一個字,比兩個字a lot來的簡潔。除此之外,a lot的反義字是a little,這兩個詞太常出現在日常生活裡,實難增添對話的新意,若使用於學術論文中則無法讓文章表現出色。

Nonetheless, "a lot" is not ungrammatical. For the last 20 years, “alot” has been appearing with increasing frequency in colloquial dictionaries, yet serious arbiters of language reject it. A similarly illicit word—“alright”—is further along in its adoption into the canon of accepted words, but most language authorities still insist upon “all right.” Until such time as “alot” is deemed to be correct, academic writers should not employ it. Its appearance will not impress an editor. This writing mistake is No. 3 of 10 Common Writing Errors That Can Spell “Rejection” for Your Manuscript, which are posted elsewhere on The Published Scholar site.
然而,正確來說,用a lot是合乎文法規則的。反觀過去二十年來,越來越多口語字典收錄了alot一字,事實上,真正講究語言的人並不採用此用法。另一個有爭議的字是alright,這個字的接受度雖然較高,但多數語言專家仍堅持使用all right。在alot被承認為正確用法之前,學術論文寫作時應該避免使用此字,因為這樣無法讓審閱的人留下好的正面印象。這樣的寫作錯誤可參照本專頁所張貼之「10 個導致退稿的常見寫作錯誤之三:“ ‘A lot’ Is Not a Word”」。

Thanks for everyone's participation in this week's Spot the Error Contest, it's been fun!
謝謝所有粉絲們參與本周的「你是挑錯的高手嗎?」活動,將實用、有意義的知識和大家交流與分享。


TPS Editorial Team

Last Update at 2011-04-28 PM 2:53 | 0 Comments

0321 TPS Spot the Error Contest-Win Your NTD200 7-11/Starbucks Prize! 你是挑錯的高手嗎? 有機會獲得200元統一超商/星巴克咖啡禮券!

2011-03-21
下列的句子中,包含了一個錯誤,可能是文法、拼法或是標點符號的錯誤。我們將提供統一超商/星巴克咖啡NTD200元的購物禮券,給予今天前三名挑出正確錯誤、寫出正確答案的粉絲。正確的解答與獲獎的粉絲姓名,將於明天公佈於本TPS的專頁。請將你的答案寫在下方,獲得免費購物禮券的幸運兒可能就是你哦!

The sentence below contains 1 grammatical, spelling and/or punctuation error. The first three (3) TPS Fans to respond with the corrected sentence will win a NTD200 7-11/Starbucks Gift Certificate. The corrected sentence and the names of the winners will be published tomorrow on this TPS Fans page. Please post your answers below. Good luck!



題目Contest Sentence:



“The African-American literary peers of the 1930s writer Zora Neale Hurston criticized alot of her stories for not being polemical enough.”

Last Update at 2012-04-03 AM 10:29 | 0 Comments

This is not academic writing 學術文章不是這麼寫的

2011-03-17
並非所有與學術議題相關的文章,就能稱之為「學術文章」。本篇專欄將節錄不同學術議題的內容,分析常見的寫作錯誤,並分享潤修與寫作的技巧。
Not all articles written on academic topics are written in proper academic English. In this "This is not academic writing" column we examine short excerpts from academic texts to illustrate common writing errors and explain how to correct them.

Unacceptable 不被認可的文章

“Urban sprawl is defined by various experts as the movement of population and commercial activity from a central area to immediately adjacent areas. It generally carries a negative connotation because the growth happens like kudzu, traffic becomes a headache, and the environment turns sour. While the term was first applied to American cities, it is a world-wide complaint now. Worst of all, the impact of sprawl, once it starts, tends to go on and on.”

This paragraph suffers from serial sloppiness. A few examples:
這段文章充斥著散漫的句子,包括:

--The writer lets unidentified “various experts” define the core term. Who are these “experts?” The writer’s roommate and texting buddy?
解釋關鍵詞時,作者用了「許多專家 “various experts”」這種不嚴謹的說法。這些專家是誰?作者的室友或傳簡訊的死黨嗎?
--While the growth pattern of “kudzu” is nicely analogous to sprawl, to say it “happens” is vapid.
葛類植物的生長模式雖然與都市擴張相當類似,但動詞用“happens”實在令人感到用詞之乏味。
--To assert that suburban commuter traffic “becomes a headache” is a shaky point. Why? It selectively ignores all those central city traffic jams.
宣稱郊區通勤「令人頭痛」未免站不住腳,為什麼呢? 因為作者刻意忽視了市中心的交通堵塞。
--The environment “turns sour?” Literally?
環境「變酸」了?真的如字面意義般酸化了嗎?
--And if the “impact” of sprawl “tends to go on and on,” it defies the physics of impacts.
「擴張」的影響若是真的會「沒完沒了的持續」,顯然有違物理的自然原理。


A more disciplined version of the paragraph appears below.
此段文章編輯潤飾後內容,刊登如下。

Acceptable 認可的文章

“Urban sprawl is defined as the bleeding out of population and commercial activity from a central area to immediately adjacent areas. Sprawl generally carries a negative connotation because it restricts optimum land use, aggravates transportation issues and impairs the environment. While the term was first applied to U.S. metropolitan areas, it now is viewed as a global concern. Once the “sprawl” planning process begins, it tends to be self-perpetuating.”

Last Update at 2012-09-14 AM 11:11 | 0 Comments

0314 TPS One Word Away From Confusion Contest-Answer and Explanation你能找出混淆字嗎? 正確解答!

2011-03-15
Correct Best Answer: Replace “defunding” with “funding.”

“The stigma of mental illness in many developed societies slows timely diagnosis, treatment, and funding of the illness.”


Between the beginning of the sentence and the end of the sentence, the writer lost track of his train of thought. He intended to communicate how putative shame associated with mental illness can have a negative impact on, among other things, financial support for mental health care. However, by using “defunding” instead of “funding,” the writer expressed almost the opposite. To slow defunding is, in fact, to stabilize funding. The lesson is to know where a sentence is headed and to select words that help it arrive.
從句子的開頭到結束之間,作者的思緒出現混淆。他的原意是要表達一般人將精神疾病視為恥辱,對於精神健康照護的補助金額甚至造成負面影響。然而,混淆了 “defunding” 與 “funding” 兩字後,文章表達出來的意思剛好相反。這裡所謂的「減緩 “defunding”」 事實上意味著讓補助金額更加穩定。所以,所以,從中學得的警剔是,句子必須弄清楚邏輯與原意,而且慎選用字,句意才能完整清楚表達出來。

Last Update at 2012-09-14 AM 11:10 | 0 Comments

3/14 TPS One Word Away From Confusion Contest-Win Your NTD200 7-11/Starbucks Prize! 你能找出混淆字嗎? 有機會獲得200元統一超商/星巴克咖啡禮券!

2011-03-14
撰寫學術文章時,每字每句都需要謹慎著墨。改變幾個字就會使完整的一句話變得令人摸不著頭緒。下列的句子中,為使這句話能完整且有意義的表達,請選出你認為會令人感到困惑的字,我們將提供統一超商/星巴克咖啡NTD200元禮券,給予挑出混淆字,並寫出最佳替代字的第1位粉絲,最適的解答與獲獎的粉絲姓名,將於明天公佈於本TPS的專頁。請將你的答案寫在下方,獲得免費購物禮券的幸運兒可能就是你哦!
Every word is important in a well-written academic paper. Changing just a word or two can turn a clear sentence into a confusing one. Tell us what word you would change in the following puzzling sentence to render it more meaningful. The first best answer will receive a NTD200 7-11/Starbucks Gift Certificate.

題目Contest Sentence:


“The stigma of mental illness in many developed societies slows timely diagnosis, treatment, and defunding of the illness.”

Last Update at 2012-04-03 AM 10:25 | 0 Comments

What does that mean? 你真的瞭解這個慣用語嗎?

2011-03-10
很多字詞並非表面所見的意思,字詞的組合會產生不同的解釋。這樣的慣用法,我們稱之為「比喻」。一個成功的比喻,作者本身必須相當瞭解字詞的源起。以下的句子為讀者介紹一個比喻及其來源。
Imagery buries itself in language and takes on new meaning. The transplanted and transformed sets of words are called “figures of speech.” For a figure of speech to be effective, however, a writer must first understand the original meaning of the phrase. The following sentence contains a common figure of speech. Its original meaning is explained.

“Unclean fossil fuels are popular, even though they deplete or harm natural resources, yet wind power also has the horses to keep lights on through the night—and is clean.”
儘管有耗竭的危機,又會傷害自然資源,不環保的化石能源卻大受歡迎;而風力能源,同樣能維持燈火終宵通明的馬力—而且乾淨許多。


The idiomatic expression “has the horses” alludes to the power of a horse. The animal has long been recognized for its endurance in running, its strength in pulling, and its heavily muscled physique. An early calibration of a horse’s power eventually evolved into measurement of machined engine output of all kinds, with output being referred to in terms of “horsepower.”
這次介紹的慣用語「has the horses」暗指馬的力量。人們早就知道,馬有長時間奔跑的耐力、拖車的力氣,還有肌肉結實的體型,因此早期人們以一匹馬的力量作為標準,後來更演變成所有機器引擎力量輸出的單位,亦即所謂的「馬力」。

As used in a paper about alternative wind power, “has the horses” is a shorthand expression of sufficiency, in this case, power sufficiency. The allusion to horses and horsepower is intended to dispel the notion that wind turbines are not powerful enough to substitute for fossil-fueled power plants. While a more straightforward word choice might have been preferable (“wind power can generate enough electricity”), the idiomatic expression enlivens the sentence.
在這篇討論風力替代能源的例子中,作者以馬力一詞暗示風力發電的強力足敷所需。選擇「馬力」一詞是為了破除一般人的誤解,因為一般認為渦輪風扇的強度不足以取代燃燒化石燃料的發電廠。雖然這裡也許可以寫得更直截了當(如「風力發電也能製造足夠的電力」),但用上了「馬力」一詞,句子就變得更加生動起來。

Last Update at 2012-09-14 AM 11:10 | 0 Comments

0307 TPS Spot the Error Contest-Answer and Explanation 你是挑錯的高手嗎? 正確解答

2011-03-08
Answer: “was” should be “were.”

“If this reliable microorganism were to fail in its bioremediation task, the contaminant would continue to pose environmental danger.”

Error: The writer stumbles in using a speculative conditional sentence. In such a sentence, in which a hypothesis is floated, the verb is conjugated differently. Why? Blame it on the vagaries of language, but sentences with the “if” formulation require extra attention. The sentence should read … “If this reliable microorganism were to fail…” This writing mistake is No. 7 of 10 Common Writing Errors That Can Spell “Rejection” for Your Manuscript, which are posted elsewhere on The Published Scholar Fans page.
錯誤之處:本句的作者在使用推測性的條件句時犯下錯誤。這類句子的假設並非篤定事實,因此動詞的變化也有所不同。原因要歸諸於語言本身特有的文法規則,也就是有if的句子就必須特別謹慎。正確的句法為 “If this reliable microorganism were to fail…” 這樣的寫作錯誤可參照本專頁所張貼之「10 個導致退稿的常見寫作錯誤之七:“In the Conditional Tense, Use “Were”」。

Thanks for everyone's participation in this week's Spot the Error Contest, it's been fun!
謝謝所有粉絲們參與本周的「你是挑錯的高手嗎?」活動,將實用、有意義的知識和大家交流與分享。


TPS Editorial Team


Last Update at 2012-09-14 AM 11:10 | 0 Comments

0307 TPS Spot the Error Contest-Win Your NTD200 7-11/Starbucks Prize! 你是挑錯的高手嗎? 有機會獲得200元統一超商/星巴克咖啡禮券!

2011-03-07
下列的句子中,包含了一個錯誤,可能是文法、拼法或是標點符號的錯誤。我們將提供統一超商/星巴克咖啡NTD200元的購物禮券,給予今天前三名挑出正確錯誤、寫出正確答案的粉絲。正確的解答與獲獎的粉絲姓名,將於明天公佈於本TPS的專頁。請將你的答案寫在下方,獲得免費購物禮券的幸運兒可能就是你哦!
The sentence below contains 1 grammatical, spelling and/or punctuation error. The first three (3) TPS Fans to respond with the corrected sentence will win a NTD200 7-11/Starbucks Gift Certificate. The corrected sentence and the names of the winners will be published tomorrow on this TPS Fans page. Please post your answers below. Good luck!

題目Contest Sentence:

“If this reliable microorganism was to fail in its bioremediation task, the contaminant would continue to pose environmental danger.”

Last Update at 2012-09-14 AM 11:09 | 0 Comments